GHK-Cu
About
About GHK-Cu
A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide found in human plasma, GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper complex) functions as a signaling molecule that modulates gene expression related to tissue remodeling, collagen synthesis, and wound healing. Research demonstrates its capacity to stimulate fibroblast activity, promote angiogenesis, and exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Primary applications include dermatological research for wound repair and skin aging, with emerging investigation into its potential roles in tissue regeneration and fibrosis modulation.
Science
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu binds copper in a square-planar coordination geometry, enabling it to transport copper into cells and participate in copper-dependent enzyme activation (SOD, lysyl oxidase). It activates collagen synthesis through TGF-β and Smad signaling, stimulates VEGF-mediated angiogenesis, upregulates antioxidant defenses, modulates inflammatory cytokines (reducing IL-1β, TNF-α), and acts as a transcriptional regulator affecting thousands of genes involved in cellular maintenance and repair.
Dosing
Typical Protocol
Topical: 1–5% GHK-Cu cream or serum applied to skin daily. Subcutaneous injection: 0.5–2 mg daily or 3–5 times weekly. Some protocols cycle: 4–8 weeks on, 2–4 weeks off. Inhaled GHK-Cu (experimental): for lung tissue applications.
⚠ Protocol information is for educational purposes only. Dosing must be determined by a licensed physician based on individual health status and goals.
Regulatory
Legal Status in 2026
This compound is legal to prescribe and dispense through a licensed 503A or 503B compounding pharmacy with a valid prescription. It is not FDA-approved as a finished drug product, but compounding is explicitly permitted under federal law. Quality and sterility standards vary by pharmacy — look for PCAB-accredited compounders.
Evidence
Evidence Tier
Evidence based on anecdotal reports, case studies, or observational data without controlled trials. User-reported outcomes may reflect placebo effect or confounding variables. Treat claims with appropriate skepticism.
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