MOTS-c
Regulatory
Legal Status in 2026
No FDA approval for human use in the US; sold only as a research chemical.
This compound has no FDA approval for human use in the United States and is not available through licensed US pharmacies or compounding channels. It has not completed the clinical trials required for FDA approval. It may be sold online as a research chemical without quality controls, purity verification, or dosing standards. Always consult a physician.
About
About MOTS-c
A mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded by the 12S rRNA gene, MOTS-c functions as a signaling molecule that regulates metabolic homeostasis by activating AMPK and influencing glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid oxidation. This peptide has demonstrated effects on cellular metabolism and exercise mimetic properties in preclinical studies. Current research focuses on its potential applications in metabolic dysfunction, age-related decline, and insulin resistance.
Science
Mechanism of Action
MOTS-c activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) by interfering with the folate-methionine cycle and generating ZMP (an AICAR analog). AMPK activation inhibits mTORC1, stimulates fatty acid oxidation, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α, and upregulates autophagy. Under cellular stress, MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus and acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of stress-response genes. Net effects include improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced energy utilization, and metabolic resilience.
Dosing
Typical Protocol
5–10 mg subcutaneously daily or 3–5 times weekly. Cycles of 4–8 weeks. Some practitioners combine with other mitochondrial support compounds (NAD+, SS-31) for a mitochondrial optimization stack. Best administered in the morning given its exercise-mimetic effects.
⚠ Protocol information is for educational purposes only. Dosing must be determined by a licensed physician based on individual health status and goals.
Evidence
Evidence Tier
Evidence primarily from animal studies, cell cultures, or small pilot human trials. Results are promising but have not yet been confirmed in large-scale human RCTs. Effects in humans may differ from animal models.
Availability
Provider availability
MOTS-c has no FDA approval for human use and is not available through licensed US prescribing or compounding channels, so Vial does not list providers for it.
This page evaluates compliance signals, not clinical outcomes. Consult a licensed physician before starting any therapy, medication, or treatment. Vial does not provide medical advice.