SS-31
Regulatory
Legal Status in 2026
In active US clinical trials (Phase 2 or later); no FDA approval yet.
This compound is under active investigation in US clinical trials (Phase 2 or later) and has not yet received FDA approval. It is not legally available for prescription or compounding outside of enrolled clinical trial settings. The risk-benefit profile is not yet established for the general population.
About
About SS-31
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide, SS-31 (elamipretide) selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it stabilizes cardiolipin and optimizes electron transport chain function. This mechanism reduces reactive oxygen species production and improves ATP synthesis in cells under metabolic stress. The compound has been investigated primarily for mitochondrial myopathies, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and other conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Science
Mechanism of Action
SS-31 selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. It binds cardiolipin — the signature phospholipid of the inner membrane — protecting it from oxidative peroxidation. Cardiolipin stabilization preserves the structural integrity of electron transport chain complexes I, III, and IV, maintaining efficient electron transfer and reducing proton leak. The result is improved ATP production efficiency, reduced mitochondrial ROS, and preservation of mitochondrial membrane potential under oxidative stress.
Dosing
Typical Protocol
0.25–1 mg subcutaneously daily or every other day. Experimental in longevity use — most protocols are physician-designed based on limited data. Some practitioners use 2-week on / 2-week off cycling. Best administered in the morning.
⚠ Protocol information is for educational purposes only. Dosing must be determined by a licensed physician based on individual health status and goals.
Evidence
Evidence Tier
Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or large observational studies in humans. This is the gold standard — effects have been measured in controlled conditions and results are peer-reviewed and reproducible.
Availability
Provider availability
SS-31 is in active clinical trials and is not available through legitimate US prescribing or compounding channels outside an enrolled trial, so Vial does not list providers for it.
This page evaluates compliance signals, not clinical outcomes. Consult a licensed physician before starting any therapy, medication, or treatment. Vial does not provide medical advice.